{"id":"noun-types-b06-07","title":{"uk":"Загальні іменники та власні назви (Gattungsnamen und Eigennamen)","ru":"Нарицательные существительные и имена собственные (Gattungsnamen und Eigennamen)","en":"Common nouns and proper nouns (Gattungsnamen und Eigennamen)","pl":"Rzeczowniki pospolite i nazwy własne (Gattungsnamen und Eigennamen)","fr":"Noms communs et noms propres (Gattungsnamen und Eigennamen)"},"ordinal":7,"content":[],"title_short":{"uk":"Загальні та власні назви","ru":"Нарицательные и собственные","en":"Common and proper nouns","pl":"Rzeczowniki pospolite i własne","fr":"Noms communs et propres"},"title_de":"Gattungsnamen und Eigennamen","cards":[{"role":"learn","heading_de":"Nomen","heading":{"uk":"Іменник","ru":"Существительное","en":"Nouns","pl":"Rzeczownik","fr":"Le nom"},"blocks":[{"type":"rule","text":{"uk":"Іменник — частина мови, яка називає предмети, людей, поняття тощо й відповідає на запитання **хто? що?**","ru":"Существительное — часть речи, которая называет предметы, людей, понятия и т. д. и отвечает на вопросы **кто? что?**","en":"A noun is a word that names things, people, ideas and so on. It answers the questions **who? what?**","pl":"Rzeczownik to część mowy, która nazywa przedmioty, ludzi, pojęcia itd. i odpowiada na pytania **kto? co?**","fr":"Le nom est un mot qui désigne des objets, des personnes, des idées, etc. Il répond aux questions **qui ? quoi ?**"}},{"type":"contrast","a":{"tag":"Gattungsname","de":"das Buch","tr":{"uk":"книга","ru":"книга","en":"book","pl":"książka","fr":"livre"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/17c7ddc21c946ae4faafef5135aaaf5b.mp3"},"b":{"tag":"Eigenname","de":"Paris","tr":{"uk":"Париж","ru":"Париж","en":"Paris","pl":"Paryż","fr":"Paris"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/e20d37a5d7fcc4c35be6fc18a8e71bfa.mp3"},"note":{"uk":"Іменники бувають загальні (будь-яка книга) і власні назви (одне конкретне місто).","ru":"Существительные бывают нарицательные (любая книга) и собственные (один конкретный город).","en":"A noun is either common (any book) or proper (one particular city).","pl":"Rzeczowniki dzielą się na pospolite (dowolna książka) i nazwy własne (jedno konkretne miasto).","fr":"Un nom est soit commun (n'importe quel livre), soit propre (une ville bien précise)."}}]},{"role":"learn","heading_de":"Gattungsnamen","heading":{"uk":"Загальні іменники","ru":"Нарицательные существительные","en":"Common nouns","pl":"Rzeczowniki pospolite","fr":"Noms communs"},"blocks":[{"type":"rule","text":{"uk":"Називають предмети, явища чи істоти не конкретно, а загально: будь-яку книгу, будь-яке дерево, будь-яку людину. В українській пишуться з маленької літери.","ru":"Называют предметы, явления или живых существ не конкретно, а в общем: любую книгу, любое дерево, любого человека. В русском пишутся с маленькой буквы.","en":"They name things, phenomena or living beings in general, not one in particular: any book, any tree, any person. In English they are written in lower case.","pl":"Nazywają przedmioty, zjawiska lub istoty ogólnie, a nie konkretnie: dowolną książkę, dowolne drzewo, dowolnego człowieka. Po polsku piszemy je małą literą.","fr":"Ils désignent des objets, des phénomènes ou des êtres de façon générale : n'importe quel livre, arbre ou personne. En français, ils s'écrivent en minuscules."}},{"type":"examples","items":[{"de":"das Buch","tr":{"uk":"книга","ru":"книга","en":"book","pl":"książka","fr":"livre"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/17c7ddc21c946ae4faafef5135aaaf5b.mp3"},{"de":"der Baum","tr":{"uk":"дерево","ru":"дерево","en":"tree","pl":"drzewo","fr":"arbre"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/289e34af59612177565e0333015a6b43.mp3"},{"de":"der Mensch","tr":{"uk":"людина","ru":"человек","en":"person","pl":"człowiek","fr":"personne"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/feec03f46417cb373171d5d4f8a55161.mp3"}]},{"type":"examples","items":[{"de":"der Apfel","tr":{"uk":"яблуко","ru":"яблоко","en":"apple","pl":"jabłko","fr":"pomme"},"image":"/images/sie-hat-einen-apfel-6b9bd9.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/1e587b1763733a8fc77fdf3e0c2fd399.mp3"},{"de":"die Katze","tr":{"uk":"кішка","ru":"кошка","en":"cat","pl":"kot","fr":"chat"},"image":"/images/yesterday-my-cat-was-tired-dabeb6.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/2345cc64ea50a95d704094f187cbf2b8.mp3"},{"de":"das Zebra","tr":{"uk":"зебра","ru":"зебра","en":"zebra","pl":"zebra","fr":"zèbre"},"image":"/images/das-zebra-afb7e3.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/3eabc5d5179ee11bbd09718b3495117e.mp3"},{"de":"das Auto","tr":{"uk":"автомобіль","ru":"машина","en":"car","pl":"samochód","fr":"voiture"},"image":"/images/sie-moechten-ein-auto-verkaufen-81ff85.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/c61cd867cb72118b83e064e3a246dc72.mp3"}]},{"type":"tip","tone":"pitfall","text":{"uk":"У німецькій з великої літери пишуться **всі** іменники, і загальні теж: das Buch, der Baum.","ru":"В немецком с большой буквы пишутся **все** существительные, и нарицательные тоже: das Buch, der Baum.","en":"In German **every** noun starts with a capital letter, common nouns too: das Buch, der Baum.","pl":"W niemieckim wielką literą piszemy **wszystkie** rzeczowniki, także pospolite: das Buch, der Baum.","fr":"En allemand, **tous** les noms prennent une majuscule, les noms communs aussi : das Buch, der Baum."}}]},{"role":"learn","heading_de":"Eigennamen","heading":{"uk":"Власні назви","ru":"Имена собственные","en":"Proper nouns","pl":"Nazwy własne","fr":"Noms propres"},"blocks":[{"type":"rule","text":{"uk":"Називають конкретних, унікальних людей, місця чи об’єкти: імена, прізвища, країни, міста, річки, гори, озера, океани. Пишуться з великої літери.","ru":"Называют конкретных, уникальных людей, места или объекты: имена, фамилии, страны, города, реки, горы, озёра, океаны. Пишутся с большой буквы.","en":"They name particular, unique people, places or things: first names, surnames, countries, cities, rivers, mountains, lakes, oceans. They take a capital letter.","pl":"Nazywają konkretne, jedyne w swoim rodzaju osoby, miejsca lub obiekty: imiona, nazwiska, kraje, miasta, rzeki, góry, jeziora, oceany. Piszemy je wielką literą.","fr":"Ils désignent des personnes, des lieux ou des choses uniques : prénoms, noms de famille, pays, villes, fleuves, montagnes, lacs, océans. Ils prennent une majuscule."}},{"type":"groups","groups":[{"label":"Namen","tone":null,"note":{"uk":"імена людей","ru":"имена людей","en":"people's names","pl":"imiona ludzi","fr":"prénoms"},"items":[{"de":"Taras","tr":null,"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/d007a0328dd844033f33808de24426cc.mp3"},{"de":"Olena","tr":null,"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/56a82d9db3a247891cf22e6cc3a1cf5f.mp3"},{"de":"Iwan","tr":null,"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/ef8f4df9a8cbda71933929f68264e471.mp3"}]},{"label":"Städte und Länder","tone":null,"note":{"uk":"міста й країни","ru":"города и страны","en":"cities and countries","pl":"miasta i kraje","fr":"villes et pays"},"items":[{"de":"Kyjiw","tr":{"uk":"Київ","ru":"Киев","en":"Kyiv","pl":"Kijów","fr":"Kyiv"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/2e8e38c1e79e8302ab637a251603430a.mp3"},{"de":"die Ukraine","tr":{"uk":"Україна","ru":"Украина","en":"Ukraine","pl":"Ukraina","fr":"l'Ukraine"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/e7283875b8b20a6705014c3c6f724fcb.mp3"},{"de":"Paris","tr":{"uk":"Париж","ru":"Париж","en":"Paris","pl":"Paryż","fr":"Paris"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/e20d37a5d7fcc4c35be6fc18a8e71bfa.mp3"}]},{"label":"Flüsse und Berge","tone":null,"note":{"uk":"річки й гори","ru":"реки и горы","en":"rivers and mountains","pl":"rzeki i góry","fr":"fleuves et montagnes"},"items":[{"de":"der Dnipro","tr":{"uk":"Дніпро","ru":"Днепр","en":"the Dnipro","pl":"Dniepr","fr":"le Dniepr"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/016498a1e7704b70b877da542fddfa09.mp3"},{"de":"die Karpaten","tr":{"uk":"Карпати","ru":"Карпаты","en":"the Carpathians","pl":"Karpaty","fr":"les Carpates"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/de1fcc25e284c18479d18684d6ff1aa0.mp3"}]}]},{"type":"examples","items":[{"de":"Deutschland","tr":{"uk":"Німеччина","ru":"Германия","en":"Germany","pl":"Niemcy","fr":"l'Allemagne"},"image":"/images/deutschland-f59cf2.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/3c2f8b8c8c43538b25a0327ae84c3f65.mp3"},{"de":"Österreich","tr":{"uk":"Австрія","ru":"Австрия","en":"Austria","pl":"Austria","fr":"l'Autriche"},"image":"/images/woher-seid-ihr-149172.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/b472f5868425ac2bc44e693fc3267e87.mp3"},{"de":"Frankreich","tr":{"uk":"Франція","ru":"Франция","en":"France","pl":"Francja","fr":"la France"},"image":"/images/frankreich-2243f9.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/8d865b652dc83da05aa34b499a9b01be.mp3"},{"de":"die Schweiz","tr":{"uk":"Швейцарія","ru":"Швейцария","en":"Switzerland","pl":"Szwajcaria","fr":"la Suisse"},"image":"/images/woher-sind-sie-957b81.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/3e902eec09c82d0cf131c22636e091e1.mp3"}]}]},{"role":"check","heading_de":null,"heading":null,"blocks":[{"type":"check","prompt":"Welches Wort ist ein Eigenname?","instruction":{"uk":"Оберіть власну назву","ru":"Выберите имя собственное","en":"Choose the proper noun","pl":"Wybierz nazwę własną","fr":"Choisissez le nom propre"},"options":["das Buch","Olena","der Baum"],"answer":1,"why":{"uk":"Olena — ім’я конкретної людини, тобто власна назва.","ru":"Olena — имя конкретного человека, то есть имя собственное.","en":"Olena is one particular person's name, so it's a proper noun.","pl":"Olena to imię konkretnej osoby, czyli nazwa własna.","fr":"Olena est le prénom d'une personne précise : c'est un nom propre."}}]},{"role":"check","heading_de":null,"heading":null,"blocks":[{"type":"check","prompt":"Welches Wort ist ein Gattungsname?","instruction":{"uk":"Оберіть загальний іменник","ru":"Выберите нарицательное существительное","en":"Choose the common noun","pl":"Wybierz rzeczownik pospolity","fr":"Choisissez le nom commun"},"options":["die Ukraine","der Mensch","der Dnipro"],"answer":1,"why":{"uk":"Mensch — будь-яка людина, тож це загальний іменник. Ukraine і Dnipro — назви конкретної країни й річки, хоч і з артиклем.","ru":"Mensch — любой человек, значит, это нарицательное существительное. Ukraine и Dnipro — названия конкретной страны и реки, хоть и с артиклем.","en":"Mensch means any person, so it's a common noun. Ukraine and Dnipro name one particular country and river, even with an article.","pl":"Mensch to dowolny człowiek, więc to rzeczownik pospolity. Ukraine i Dnipro to nazwy konkretnego kraju i rzeki, choć mają rodzajnik.","fr":"Mensch désigne n'importe quelle personne : c'est un nom commun. Ukraine et Dnipro nomment un pays et un fleuve précis, même avec un article."}}]}],"image_dims":{"/images/das-zebra-afb7e3.webp":[593,593],"/images/deutschland-f59cf2.webp":[900,900],"/images/frankreich-2243f9.webp":[900,900],"/images/sie-hat-einen-apfel-6b9bd9.webp":[657,657],"/images/sie-moechten-ein-auto-verkaufen-81ff85.webp":[394,358],"/images/woher-seid-ihr-149172.webp":[900,900],"/images/woher-sind-sie-957b81.webp":[900,900],"/images/yesterday-my-cat-was-tired-dabeb6.webp":[792,792]},"exercise_groups":[{"exercises":[{"id":"noun-types-b06-07-ex-1","wordwall_url":"https://wordwall.net/play/65049/929/277","kind":"group_sort","game_content":{"game_type":"group_sort","groups":[{"name":{"uk":"власні назви","ru":"имена собственные","en":"proper nouns","pl":"nazwy własne","fr":"noms 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Hund","sound":"/tts/de-de-conradneural/0438fbecbd47b9578692fd0e8691f099.mp3"}]}]},"tier":"core","title":"власні назви/загальні іменники"},{"id":"noun-types-b06-07-ex-2","wordwall_url":"https://wordwall.net/play/84047/575/544","kind":"quiz","game_content":{"game_type":"quiz","questions":[{"question":"der Apfel","options":[{"uk":"Загальні іменники","ru":"Нарицательные существительные","en":"Common nouns","pl":"Rzeczowniki pospolite","fr":"Noms communs"},{"uk":"Власні назви","ru":"Собственные имена","en":"Proper nouns","pl":"Nazwy własne","fr":"Noms propres"}],"correct_index":0,"sound":"/tts/de-de-conradneural/5fc009a2fcedd7b03e96649d2bd588c7.mp3","image":"/images/sie-hat-einen-apfel-6b9bd9.webp"},{"question":"die Birne","options":[{"uk":"Загальні іменники","ru":"Нарицательные существительные","en":"Common nouns","pl":"Rzeczowniki pospolite","fr":"Noms communs"},{"uk":"Власні назви","ru":"Собственные имена","en":"Proper nouns","pl":"Nazwy własne","fr":"Noms 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