{"id":"starke-verben-b07-08","title":{"uk":"Передминулий час — hatte / war + Partizip II (Plusquamperfekt)","ru":"Предпрошедшее время — hatte / war + Partizip II (Plusquamperfekt)","en":"The past perfect — hatte / war + Partizip II (Plusquamperfekt)","pl":"Czas zaprzeszły — hatte / war + Partizip II (Plusquamperfekt)","fr":"Le plus-que-parfait — hatte / war + Partizip II (Plusquamperfekt)"},"ordinal":1,"content":[],"title_short":{"uk":"Передминулий час","ru":"Предпрошедшее время","en":"The past perfect","pl":"Czas zaprzeszły","fr":"Le plus-que-parfait"},"title_de":"Plusquamperfekt","cards":[{"role":"learn","heading_de":"Zwei Handlungen in der Vergangenheit","heading":{"uk":"Дві дії в минулому","ru":"Два действия в прошлом","en":"Two actions in the past","pl":"Dwie czynności w przeszłości","fr":"Deux actions dans le passé"},"blocks":[{"type":"rule","text":{"uk":"Plusquamperfekt — дія, яка сталася **раніше** за іншу дію в минулому. Вживаємо, коли в минулому було дві дії і одна з них відбулася раніше.","ru":"Plusquamperfekt — действие, которое произошло **раньше** другого действия в прошлом. Используем, когда в прошлом было два действия и одно из них случилось раньше.","en":"Plusquamperfekt is an action that happened **before** another past action. Use it when there were two actions in the past and one of them came first.","pl":"Plusquamperfekt to czynność, która wydarzyła się **wcześniej** niż inna czynność w przeszłości. Używamy go, gdy w przeszłości były dwie czynności i jedna nastąpiła wcześniej.","fr":"Le Plusquamperfekt exprime une action qui a eu lieu **avant** une autre action passée. On l’emploie quand il y a deux actions passées et que l’une précède l’autre."}},{"type":"table","caption":{"uk":"1-ша дія в минулому → 2-га дія в минулому","ru":"1-е действие в прошлом → 2-е действие в прошлом","en":"1st past action → 2nd past action","pl":"1. czynność w przeszłości → 2. czynność w przeszłości","fr":"1re action passée → 2e action passée"},"columns":["Plusquamperfekt","Präteritum"],"column_tones":[null,null],"rows":[{"head":null,"cells":["Er [hatte|v] [gegessen|px],","bevor wir ankamen."],"tr":{"uk":"Він поїв, перш ніж ми прийшли.","ru":"Он поел до того, как мы пришли.","en":"He had eaten before we arrived.","pl":"Zjadł, zanim przyszliśmy.","fr":"Il avait mangé avant que nous arrivions."},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/18124cd1e6097ed81bc935d30ce4fed5.mp3"},{"head":null,"cells":["Er [hatte|v] [gegessen|px],","als wir ankamen."],"tr":{"uk":"Він уже поїв, коли ми прийшли.","ru":"Он уже поел, когда мы пришли.","en":"He had already eaten when we arrived.","pl":"Już zjadł, kiedy przyszliśmy.","fr":"Il avait déjà mangé quand nous sommes arrivés."},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/8cedf14738143818a3e19674d45acaa3.mp3"}]},{"type":"picture","image":"/images/er-hatte-gegessen-bevor-wir-ankamen-f32cb2.webp","caption":null}]},{"role":"learn","heading_de":"hatte / war + Partizip II","heading":{"uk":"Як утворюється","ru":"Как образуется","en":"How to form it","pl":"Jak go tworzymy","fr":"La formation"},"blocks":[{"type":"rule","text":{"uk":"Будується так: **haben / sein** у Präteritum + **Partizip II** → hatte / war + Partizip II.","ru":"Образуется так: **haben / sein** в Präteritum + **Partizip II** → hatte / war + Partizip II.","en":"Form it with **haben / sein** in the simple past + **Partizip II** → hatte / war + Partizip II.","pl":"Tworzymy go tak: **haben / sein** w Präteritum + **Partizip II** → hatte / war + Partizip II.","fr":"On le forme ainsi : **haben / sein** au prétérit + **Partizip II** → hatte / war + Partizip II."}},{"type":"examples","items":[{"de":"Sie [war|v] schon [gegangen|px], als ich ankam.","tr":{"uk":"Вона вже пішла, коли я прийшов.","ru":"Она уже ушла, когда я пришёл.","en":"She had already left when I arrived.","pl":"Już wyszła, kiedy przyszedłem.","fr":"Elle était déjà partie quand je suis arrivé."},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/d7c2abbd4fb1accbf0ec94497ec03dc6.mp3"},{"de":"Ich [hatte|v] meine Hausaufgaben [gemacht|px], bevor ich fernsah.","tr":{"uk":"Я зробив домашнє завдання, перш ніж дивився телевізор.","ru":"Я сделал домашнее задание, прежде чем сел смотреть телевизор.","en":"I had done my homework before I watched TV.","pl":"Odrobiłem pracę domową, zanim zacząłem oglądać telewizję.","fr":"J’avais fait mes devoirs avant de regarder la télé."},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/24d4e2e47872ddcedda4d88c649a6d20.mp3"},{"de":"Ich [hatte|v] das Buch [gelesen|px], bevor der Unterricht begann.","tr":{"uk":"Я прочитав книгу, перш ніж почався урок.","ru":"Я прочитал книгу до того, как начался урок.","en":"I had read the book before the lesson began.","pl":"Przeczytałem książkę, zanim zaczęła się lekcja.","fr":"J’avais lu le livre avant le début du cours."},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/3b08b98e2c90900d2e8a37c0375cf6fa.mp3"}]}]},{"role":"learn","heading_de":"Signalwörter","heading":{"uk":"Сигнальні слова","ru":"Сигнальные слова","en":"Signal words","pl":"Słowa sygnałowe","fr":"Mots signaux"},"blocks":[{"type":"groups","groups":[{"label":"Signalwörter für Plusquamperfekt","tone":null,"note":null,"items":[{"de":"schon","tr":{"uk":"вже","ru":"уже","en":"already","pl":"już","fr":"déjà"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/a679e47d536816ff92c0f8e28c09a0ad.mp3"},{"de":"bereits","tr":{"uk":"уже","ru":"уже","en":"already","pl":"już","fr":"déjà"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/33fc652f4b883d25da719c900e7d0bfb.mp3"},{"de":"bevor","tr":{"uk":"перш ніж, перед тим як","ru":"прежде чем, до того как","en":"before","pl":"zanim","fr":"avant que"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/3d004821aa67d3f20e67c65547399567.mp3"},{"de":"nachdem","tr":{"uk":"після того як","ru":"после того как","en":"after","pl":"po tym, jak","fr":"après que"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/24b866ce8492864afc13c977e0b6c754.mp3"},{"de":"als","tr":{"uk":"коли","ru":"когда","en":"when","pl":"kiedy","fr":"quand"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/c3955cf318f60d815066daa73a622297.mp3"}]}]},{"type":"examples","items":[{"de":"{Nachdem} ich [gegessen|px] [hatte|v], habe ich gearbeitet.","tr":{"uk":"Після того як я поїв, я працював.","ru":"После того как я поел, я работал.","en":"After I ate, I worked.","pl":"Po tym jak zjadłem, pracowałem.","fr":"Après avoir mangé, j'ai travaillé."},"image":"/images/als-ich-in-einem-italienischen-c2e897.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/c40b52e67b71aa39a6162a0582ca82f6.mp3"},{"de":"{Nachdem} du [aufgestanden|px] [warst|v], hast du geduscht.","tr":{"uk":"Після того як ти встав, ти прийняв душ.","ru":"После того как ты встал, ты принял душ.","en":"After you got up, you took a shower.","pl":"Po tym jak wstałeś, wziąłeś prysznic.","fr":"Après t'être levé, tu as pris une douche."},"image":"/images/nachdem-du-aufgestanden-warst-hast-du-86f959.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/5105c0f3e5f5e9ff58a8f527c2964e31.mp3"},{"de":"{Nachdem} er das Buch [gelesen|px] [hatte|v], hat er es zurückgegeben.","tr":{"uk":"Після того як він прочитав книгу, він її повернув.","ru":"После того как он прочитал книгу, он ее вернул.","en":"After he read the book, he returned it.","pl":"Po tym jak on przeczytał książkę, oddał ją.","fr":"Après avoir lu le livre, il l'a rendu."},"image":"/images/nachdem-er-das-buch-gelesen-hatte-hat-er-52fbf9.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/c712f79e157f22c948ce13bbd997585c.mp3"}]},{"type":"tip","tone":"tip","text":{"uk":"Лайфхак: дві дії в минулому → раніша стоїть у Plusquamperfekt, а пізніша — зазвичай у Präteritum.","ru":"Лайфхак: два действия в прошлом → более раннее ставим в Plusquamperfekt, а более позднее — обычно в Präteritum.","en":"Tip: two past actions → the earlier one goes in the Plusquamperfekt, the later one usually in the Präteritum.","pl":"Trik: dwie czynności w przeszłości → wcześniejsza stoi w Plusquamperfekt, a późniejsza — zwykle w Präteritum.","fr":"Astuce : deux actions passées → la plus ancienne au Plusquamperfekt, la suivante généralement au Präteritum."}}]},{"role":"check","heading_de":null,"heading":null,"blocks":[{"type":"check","prompt":"Er ___ gegessen, bevor wir ankamen.","instruction":{"uk":"Оберіть допоміжне дієслово","ru":"Выберите вспомогательный глагол","en":"Choose the auxiliary verb","pl":"Wybierz czasownik posiłkowy","fr":"Choisissez l’auxiliaire"},"options":["hat","hatte","war"],"answer":1,"why":{"uk":"Він поїв раніше, ніж ми прийшли, — це раніша дія: hatte + Partizip II. hat gegessen — це Perfekt.","ru":"Он поел раньше, чем мы пришли, — это более раннее действие: hatte + Partizip II. hat gegessen — это Perfekt.","en":"He ate before we arrived, so it is the earlier action: hatte + Partizip II. hat gegessen would be Perfekt.","pl":"Zjadł, zanim przyszliśmy — to wcześniejsza czynność: hatte + Partizip II. hat gegessen to Perfekt.","fr":"Il a mangé avant notre arrivée : action antérieure, donc hatte + Partizip II. hat gegessen serait du Perfekt."},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/18124cd1e6097ed81bc935d30ce4fed5.mp3"}]},{"role":"check","heading_de":null,"heading":null,"blocks":[{"type":"check","prompt":"Sie ___ schon gegangen, als ich ankam.","instruction":{"uk":"Оберіть допоміжне дієслово","ru":"Выберите вспомогательный глагол","en":"Choose the auxiliary verb","pl":"Wybierz czasownik posiłkowy","fr":"Choisissez l’auxiliaire"},"options":["hatte","war","ist"],"answer":1,"why":{"uk":"gehen утворює минулий час із sein (ist gegangen), тому в Plusquamperfekt — war gegangen.","ru":"gehen образует прошедшее время с sein (ist gegangen), поэтому в Plusquamperfekt — war gegangen.","en":"gehen forms its past with sein (ist gegangen), so the Plusquamperfekt is war gegangen.","pl":"gehen tworzy czas przeszły z sein (ist gegangen), więc w Plusquamperfekt — war gegangen.","fr":"gehen forme son passé avec sein (ist gegangen), d’où war gegangen au Plusquamperfekt."},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/d7c2abbd4fb1accbf0ec94497ec03dc6.mp3"}]}],"image_dims":{"/images/als-ich-in-einem-italienischen-c2e897.webp":[900,900],"/images/er-hatte-gegessen-bevor-wir-ankamen-f32cb2.webp":[900,600],"/images/nachdem-du-aufgestanden-warst-hast-du-86f959.webp":[738,738],"/images/nachdem-er-das-buch-gelesen-hatte-hat-er-52fbf9.webp":[808,808]},"exercise_groups":[{"exercises":[{"id":"starke-verben-b07-08-ex-7","wordwall_url":"https://wordwall.net/play/107187/491/238","kind":"flashcards","game_content":{"game_type":"flashcards","cards":[{"front":"Nachdem ich gegessen hatte, habe ich gearbeitet.","back":{"uk":"Після того як я поїв, я працював.","ru":"После того как я поел, я работал.","en":"After I ate, I worked.","pl":"Po tym jak zjadłem, pracowałem.","fr":"Après avoir mangé, j'ai 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