{"id":"praeteritum-formation-strong-verbs-b07-01","title":{"uk":"Минулий час сильних дієслів — sprach, sprachst, sprachen (Präteritum)","ru":"Прошедшее время сильных глаголов — sprach, sprachst, sprachen (Präteritum)","en":"The past tense of strong verbs — sprach, sprachst, sprachen (Präteritum)","pl":"Czas przeszły czasowników mocnych — sprach, sprachst, sprachen (Präteritum)","fr":"Le passé des verbes forts — sprach, sprachst, sprachen (Präteritum)"},"ordinal":1,"content":[],"title_short":{"uk":"Präteritum сильних дієслів","ru":"Präteritum сильных глаголов","en":"The simple past: strong verbs","pl":"Präteritum czasowników mocnych","fr":"Le prétérit des verbes forts"},"title_de":"Präteritum: starke Verben","cards":[{"role":"learn","heading_de":"Starke Verben","heading":{"uk":"Сильні дієслова","ru":"Сильные глаголы","en":"Strong verbs","pl":"Czasowniki mocne","fr":"Les verbes forts"},"blocks":[{"type":"rule","text":{"uk":"Präteritum — форма минулого часу, яку вживають переважно на письмі.","ru":"Präteritum — форма прошедшего времени, которую используют в основном на письме.","en":"The Präteritum is a past tense used mainly in writing.","pl":"Präteritum to forma czasu przeszłego, której używa się głównie w piśmie.","fr":"Le Präteritum est un temps du passé employé surtout à l'écrit."}},{"type":"rule","text":{"uk":"**Сильні дієслова** (unregelmäßige Verben) утворюють Präteritum і Partizip II нерегулярно: без суфікса **-te-** і зі зміною кореневої голосної.","ru":"**Сильные глаголы** (unregelmäßige Verben) образуют Präteritum и Partizip II нерегулярно: без суффикса **-te-** и с изменением корневой гласной.","en":"**Strong verbs** (unregelmäßige Verben) form the Präteritum and the Partizip II irregularly: without the suffix **-te-** and with a change of stem vowel.","pl":"**Czasowniki mocne** (unregelmäßige Verben) tworzą Präteritum i Partizip II nieregularnie: bez przyrostka **-te-** i ze zmianą samogłoski rdzennej.","fr":"Les **verbes forts** (unregelmäßige Verben) forment le Präteritum et le Partizip II de façon irrégulière : sans le suffixe **-te-** et avec un changement de voyelle du radical."}}]},{"role":"learn","heading_de":"Schritt 1: der Präteritumstamm","heading":{"uk":"Крок 1: основа Präteritum","ru":"Шаг 1: основа Präteritum","en":"Step 1: the Präteritum stem","pl":"Krok 1: temat Präteritum","fr":"Étape 1 : le radical du Präteritum"},"blocks":[{"type":"rule","text":{"uk":"Беремо основу Präteritum сильного дієслова. 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Il faut l'apprendre à part pour chaque verbe."}},{"type":"contrast","a":{"tag":"Infinitiv","de":"spr{e}chen","tr":{"uk":"говорити","ru":"говорить","en":"to speak","pl":"mówić","fr":"parler"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/a34d904bee6c45cb825309c6184bb404.mp3"},"b":{"tag":"Präteritum","de":"spr{a}ch","tr":{"uk":"говорив / говорила","ru":"говорил / говорила","en":"spoke","pl":"mówił / mówiła","fr":"(il / elle) parlait"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/447ac3b53c60ecb51dbf6467486d5dfb.mp3"},"note":{"uk":"Коренева голосна змінюється: e → a.","ru":"Корневая гласная меняется: e → a.","en":"The stem vowel changes: e → a.","pl":"Samogłoska rdzenna się zmienia: e → a.","fr":"La voyelle du radical change : e → a."}}]},{"role":"learn","heading_de":"Schritt 2: die Endungen","heading":{"uk":"Крок 2: особові закінчення","ru":"Шаг 2: личные окончания","en":"Step 2: the personal endings","pl":"Krok 2: końcówki osobowe","fr":"Étape 2 : les terminaisons"},"blocks":[{"type":"rule","text":{"uk":"До основи додаємо закінчення відповідно до займенника.","ru":"К основе добавляем окончание в зависимости от местоимения.","en":"Add the ending that matches the pronoun to the stem.","pl":"Do tematu dodajemy końcówkę zgodnie z zaimkiem.","fr":"On ajoute au radical la terminaison qui correspond au pronom."}},{"type":"table","caption":null,"columns":["","Endung"],"column_tones":[null,null],"rows":[{"head":"ich","cells":["—"],"tr":null},{"head":"du","cells":["-{st}"],"tr":null},{"head":"er/sie/es","cells":["—"],"tr":null},{"head":"wir","cells":["-{en}"],"tr":null},{"head":"ihr","cells":["-{t}"],"tr":null},{"head":"sie/Sie","cells":["-{en}"],"tr":null}]},{"type":"tip","tone":"tip","text":{"uk":"У 1-й та 3-й особі однини закінчення **не додається**: ich sprach, er sprach.","ru":"В 1-м и 3-м лице единственного числа окончание **не добавляется**: ich sprach, er sprach.","en":"In the 1st and 3rd person singular there is **no ending**: ich sprach, er sprach.","pl":"W 1. i 3. osobie liczby pojedynczej końcówki **nie dodajemy**: ich sprach, er sprach.","fr":"À la 1re et à la 3e personne du singulier, **pas de terminaison** : ich sprach, er sprach."}}]},{"role":"learn","heading_de":"sprechen im Präteritum","heading":{"uk":"sprechen — говорити","ru":"sprechen — говорить","en":"sprechen — to speak","pl":"sprechen — mówić","fr":"sprechen — parler"},"blocks":[{"type":"table","caption":null,"columns":["","sprechen"],"column_tones":[null,null],"rows":[{"head":"ich","cells":["sprach"],"tr":{"uk":"я говорив / говорила","ru":"я говорил / говорила","en":"I spoke","pl":"mówiłem / mówiłam","fr":"je parlais"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/2e0f3cc4ca6b740292d92c0142302f9d.mp3"},{"head":"du","cells":["sprach{st}"],"tr":{"uk":"ти говорив / говорила","ru":"ты говорил / говорила","en":"you spoke","pl":"mówiłeś / mówiłaś","fr":"tu parlais"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/a34a42ee6b39fb1aa1ace31949c12166.mp3"},{"head":"er","cells":["sprach"],"tr":{"uk":"він говорив","ru":"он говорил","en":"he spoke","pl":"on mówił","fr":"il parlait"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/d937cadca3db652539e571ba77d091ee.mp3"},{"head":"sie","cells":["sprach"],"tr":{"uk":"вона говорила","ru":"она говорила","en":"she spoke","pl":"ona mówiła","fr":"elle parlait"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/3d0aac2a5dd285a9bc54a2906ad370ae.mp3"},{"head":"wir","cells":["sprach{en}"],"tr":{"uk":"ми говорили","ru":"мы говорили","en":"we spoke","pl":"mówiliśmy","fr":"nous parlions"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/c72122ec25bef07753f32670b6d79adc.mp3"},{"head":"ihr","cells":["sprach{t}"],"tr":{"uk":"ви говорили","ru":"вы говорили","en":"you (all) spoke","pl":"mówiliście","fr":"vous parliez"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/6c3202e25285f6c7cdb889f3fcbc1b5a.mp3"},{"head":"sie/Sie","cells":["sprach{en}"],"tr":{"uk":"вони / Ви говорили","ru":"они / Вы говорили","en":"they / you (formal) spoke","pl":"oni mówili / Państwo mówili","fr":"ils / elles parlaient, vous parliez"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/2a56284c2d0b8fae7600ae897f581c6d.mp3"}]}]},{"role":"check","heading_de":null,"heading":null,"blocks":[{"type":"check","prompt":"Du ___ sehr leise. (sprechen)","instruction":{"uk":"Оберіть форму Präteritum","ru":"Выберите форму Präteritum","en":"Choose the Präteritum form","pl":"Wybierz formę Präteritum","fr":"Choisissez la forme au Präteritum"},"options":["sprach","sprachst","sprichst","sprachtest"],"answer":1,"why":{"uk":"Основа sprach + закінчення для du -st: du sprachst. sprichst — теперішній час, а -te- сильні дієслова не мають.","ru":"Основа sprach + окончание для du -st: du sprachst. sprichst — настоящее время, а -te- у сильных глаголов нет.","en":"The stem sprach + the du ending -st: du sprachst. sprichst is the present tense, and strong verbs take no -te-.","pl":"Temat sprach + końcówka dla du -st: du sprachst. sprichst to czas teraźniejszy, a czasowniki mocne nie mają -te-.","fr":"Le radical sprach + la terminaison de du, -st : du sprachst. sprichst, c'est le présent, et les verbes forts ne prennent pas -te-."},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/9f977ed58176b9c3059dccee035d6152.mp3"}]},{"role":"check","heading_de":null,"heading":null,"blocks":[{"type":"check","prompt":"Er ___ mit seiner Mutter. 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