{"id":"praeteritum-ea-b07-03","title":{"uk":"Сильні дієслова в Präteritum — e → a: essen → aß, lesen → las","ru":"Сильные глаголы в Präteritum — e → a: essen → aß, lesen → las","en":"Strong verbs in the Präteritum — e → a: essen → aß, lesen → las","pl":"Czasowniki mocne w Präteritum — e → a: essen → aß, lesen → las","fr":"Les verbes forts au Präteritum — e → a : essen → aß, lesen → las"},"ordinal":3,"content":[],"title_short":{"uk":"Сильні дієслова: e → a","ru":"Сильные глаголы: e → a","en":"Strong verbs: e → a","pl":"Czasowniki mocne: e → a","fr":"Verbes forts : e → a"},"title_de":"Starke Verben im Präteritum: e → a","cards":[{"role":"learn","heading_de":"Stammvokal e → a","heading":{"uk":"Коренева голосна e → a","ru":"Корневая гласная e → a","en":"Stem vowel e → a","pl":"Samogłoska rdzenna e → a","fr":"Voyelle du radical : e → a"},"blocks":[{"type":"rule","text":{"uk":"Головна особливість сильних дієслів: під час відмінювання (особливо в Präteritum) змінюється коренева голосна. У цій групі **e** з інфінітива в Präteritum стає **a**.","ru":"Главная особенность сильных глаголов: при спряжении (особенно в Präteritum) меняется корневая гласная. В этой группе **e** из инфинитива в Präteritum превращается в **a**.","en":"The key feature of strong verbs: when they are conjugated (especially in the Präteritum), their stem vowel changes. In this group, the **e** of the infinitive becomes **a** in the Präteritum.","pl":"Najważniejsza cecha czasowników mocnych: przy odmianie (zwłaszcza w Präteritum) zmienia się samogłoska rdzenna. W tej grupie **e** z bezokolicznika zmienia się w Präteritum na **a**.","fr":"Ce qui caractérise les verbes forts : quand on les conjugue (surtout au Präteritum), la voyelle du radical change. Dans ce groupe, le **e** de l'infinitif devient **a** au Präteritum."}},{"type":"contrast","a":{"tag":"Infinitiv","de":"{e}ssen","tr":{"uk":"їсти","ru":"есть","en":"to eat","pl":"jeść","fr":"manger"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/c0ea1b785cee9fba54efbcfa9b678eb0.mp3"},"b":{"tag":"Präteritum","de":"er {a}ß","tr":{"uk":"він їв","ru":"он ел","en":"he ate","pl":"jadł","fr":"il a mangé"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/72d0fafecf83bc4e808b4bad2f6cfcbd.mp3"},"note":{"uk":"Потім додаємо закінчення відповідно до займенника.","ru":"Затем добавляем окончание в зависимости от местоимения.","en":"Then add the ending that matches the pronoun.","pl":"Potem dodajemy końcówkę zgodnie z zaimkiem.","fr":"On ajoute ensuite la terminaison qui correspond au pronom."}},{"type":"picture","image":"/images/er-ass-b88457.webp","caption":null}]},{"role":"learn","heading_de":"Infinitiv – Präteritum – Partizip II","heading":{"uk":"Дієслова з e → a","ru":"Глаголы с e → a","en":"Verbs with e → a","pl":"Czasowniki z e → 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предложениях","en":"In sentences","pl":"W zdaniach","fr":"En contexte"},"blocks":[{"type":"examples","items":[{"de":"L{a}st ihr aufmerksam?","tr":{"uk":"Ви читали уважно?","ru":"Вы читали внимательно?","en":"Did you read carefully?","pl":"Czytaliście uważnie?","fr":"Vous lisiez attentivement ?"},"image":"/images/die-studenten-lasen-alle-buecher-vor-der-c5e0f0.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/f8fb28a20fce0708b4ceca19526e821e.mp3"},{"de":"In der Bäckerei {a}ß sie ein Dessert.","tr":{"uk":"У пекарні вона з’їла десерт.","ru":"В пекарне она съела десерт.","en":"At the bakery she ate a dessert.","pl":"W piekarni zjadła deser.","fr":"À la boulangerie, elle a mangé un dessert."},"image":"/images/sie-spricht-einer-erdbeertorte-06d065.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/e92a9092e9363a126fb6a4d6eef4e5a8.mp3"},{"de":"Mein Hund fr{a}ß ein Croissant.","tr":{"uk":"Мій пес з’їв круасан.","ru":"Мой пёс съел круассан.","en":"My dog ate a croissant.","pl":"Mój pies zjadł croissanta.","fr":"Mon chien a mangé 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budynek?","fr":"Avez-vous vu le beau bâtiment ?"},"image":"/images/das-gebaeude-ist-worden-368519.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/6309307bbc3d5f69d6988e7049ba1240.mp3"}]},{"type":"examples","items":[{"de":"Sie m{a}ß die Temperatur.","tr":{"uk":"Вона поміряла температуру.","ru":"Она измерила температуру.","en":"She took the temperature.","pl":"Zmierzyła temperaturę.","fr":"Elle a pris la température."},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/8125292f9339da551cee8500ca5748b9.mp3"},{"de":"M{a}ßen Sie die Temperatur?","tr":{"uk":"Ви виміряли температуру?","ru":"Вы измерили температуру?","en":"Did you take the temperature?","pl":"Czy zmierzył Pan / zmierzyła Pani temperaturę?","fr":"Vous avez pris la température ?"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/b5fbe844812398cf863a9d6a83fb3a53.mp3"},{"de":"L{a}sen sie ein Gedicht von Schewtschenko?","tr":{"uk":"Вони читали вірш Шевченка?","ru":"Они читали стихотворение Шевченко?","en":"Did they read a poem by Shevchenko?","pl":"Czytali wiersz Szewczenki?","fr":"Ils ont lu un poème de Chevtchenko ?"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/bf5ecb9e4e3ec511b02e5550f86fccd2.mp3"}]},{"type":"tip","tone":"tip","text":{"uk":"Не забувайте: у Präteritum дієслово потрібно відмінювати відповідно до займенника — ich/er sah, du sah{st}, wir/sie/Sie sah{en}, ihr sah{t}.","ru":"Не забывайте: в Präteritum глагол нужно спрягать в соответствии с местоимением — ich/er sah, du sah{st}, wir/sie/Sie sah{en}, ihr sah{t}.","en":"Remember: in the Präteritum the verb must be conjugated to match the pronoun — ich/er sah, du sah{st}, wir/sie/Sie sah{en}, ihr sah{t}.","pl":"Pamiętaj: w Präteritum czasownik trzeba odmieniać zgodnie z zaimkiem — ich/er sah, du sah{st}, wir/sie/Sie sah{en}, ihr sah{t}.","fr":"N'oubliez pas : au Präteritum, le verbe se conjugue selon le pronom — ich/er sah, du sah{st}, wir/sie/Sie sah{en}, ihr sah{t}."}}]},{"role":"check","heading_de":null,"heading":null,"blocks":[{"type":"check","prompt":"Wer ___ den Eiffelturm? (sehen)","instruction":{"uk":"Оберіть форму Präteritum","ru":"Выберите форму Präteritum","en":"Choose the Präteritum form","pl":"Wybierz formę Präteritum","fr":"Choisissez la forme au Präteritum"},"options":["sieht","sah","sehte"],"answer":1,"why":{"uk":"e → a: sehen → sah. sieht — теперішній час, а суфікса -te- сильні дієслова не мають.","ru":"e → a: sehen → sah. sieht — настоящее время, а суффикса -te- у сильных глаголов нет.","en":"e → a: sehen → sah. sieht is the present tense, and strong verbs take no -te-.","pl":"e → a: sehen → sah. sieht to czas teraźniejszy, a czasowniki mocne nie mają przyrostka -te-.","fr":"e → a : sehen → sah. sieht, c'est le présent, et les verbes forts ne prennent pas -te-."},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/b824678ee294cfcc9d5052467c89a1af.mp3"}]},{"role":"check","heading_de":null,"heading":null,"blocks":[{"type":"check","prompt":"___ Sie die Temperatur? 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