{"id":"praeteritum-au-b07-04","title":{"uk":"Сильні дієслова в Präteritum — a → u: fahren → fuhr, tragen → trug","ru":"Сильные глаголы в Präteritum — a → u: fahren → fuhr, tragen → trug","en":"Strong verbs in the Präteritum — a → u: fahren → fuhr, tragen → trug","pl":"Czasowniki mocne w Präteritum — a → u: fahren → fuhr, tragen → trug","fr":"Les verbes forts au Präteritum — a → u : fahren → fuhr, tragen → trug"},"ordinal":4,"content":[],"title_short":{"uk":"Сильні дієслова: a → u","ru":"Сильные глаголы: a → u","en":"Strong verbs: a → u","pl":"Czasowniki mocne: a → u","fr":"Verbes forts : a → u"},"title_de":"Starke Verben im Präteritum: a → u","cards":[{"role":"learn","heading_de":"Stammvokal a → u","heading":{"uk":"Коренева голосна a → u","ru":"Корневая гласная a → u","en":"Stem vowel a → u","pl":"Samogłoska rdzenna a → u","fr":"Voyelle du radical : a → u"},"blocks":[{"type":"rule","text":{"uk":"Головна особливість сильних дієслів: під час відмінювання (особливо в Präteritum) змінюється коренева голосна. У цій групі **a** з інфінітива в Präteritum стає **u**.","ru":"Главная особенность сильных глаголов: при спряжении (особенно в Präteritum) меняется корневая гласная. В этой группе **a** из инфинитива в Präteritum превращается в **u**.","en":"The key feature of strong verbs: when they are conjugated (especially in the Präteritum), their stem vowel changes. In this group, the **a** of the infinitive becomes **u** in the Präteritum.","pl":"Najważniejsza cecha czasowników mocnych: przy odmianie (zwłaszcza w Präteritum) zmienia się samogłoska rdzenna. W tej grupie **a** z bezokolicznika zmienia się w Präteritum na **u**.","fr":"Ce qui caractérise les verbes forts : quand on les conjugue (surtout au Präteritum), la voyelle du radical change. Dans ce groupe, le **a** de l'infinitif devient **u** au Präteritum."}},{"type":"contrast","a":{"tag":"Infinitiv","de":"f{a}hren","tr":{"uk":"їхати","ru":"ехать","en":"to go (by vehicle), to drive","pl":"jechać","fr":"aller (en véhicule)"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/7192a147572e9d00f660ca3982d05a17.mp3"},"b":{"tag":"Präteritum","de":"er f{u}hr","tr":{"uk":"він їхав","ru":"он ехал","en":"he drove","pl":"jechał","fr":"il allait"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/5640370f6db32985fa654d1250031a1e.mp3"},"note":{"uk":"Потім додаємо закінчення відповідно до займенника.","ru":"Затем добавляем окончание в зависимости от местоимения.","en":"Then add the ending that matches the pronoun.","pl":"Potem dodajemy końcówkę zgodnie z zaimkiem.","fr":"On ajoute ensuite la terminaison qui correspond au pronom."}},{"type":"picture","image":"/images/er-fuhr-8c9f12.webp","caption":null}]},{"role":"learn","heading_de":"Infinitiv – Präteritum – Partizip II","heading":{"uk":"Дієслова з a → u","ru":"Глаголы с a → u","en":"Verbs with a → u","pl":"Czasowniki z a → u","fr":"Verbes en a → u"},"blocks":[{"type":"table","caption":null,"columns":["Infinitiv","Präteritum","Partizip II"],"column_tones":[null,null,null],"rows":[{"head":null,"cells":["f{a}hren","f{u}hr","gefahren"],"tr":{"uk":"їхати","ru":"ехать","en":"to go (by vehicle), to drive","pl":"jechać","fr":"aller (en véhicule)"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/90c1f8c8966b0c839ffe667e97f846ff.mp3"},{"head":null,"cells":["tr{a}gen","tr{u}g","getragen"],"tr":{"uk":"носити","ru":"носить","en":"to carry, to wear","pl":"nosić","fr":"porter"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/251179fb50780bf42211ce3f2578b0b6.mp3"},{"head":null,"cells":["schl{a}gen","schl{u}g","geschlagen"],"tr":{"uk":"бити","ru":"бить","en":"to hit","pl":"bić, uderzać","fr":"frapper"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/19e18857a9cb51c8cbd939b2b90ab865.mp3"},{"head":null,"cells":["gr{a}ben","gr{u}b","gegraben"],"tr":{"uk":"копати","ru":"копать","en":"to dig","pl":"kopać","fr":"creuser"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/4df3c804b94ff14cf4d9a0b43034a045.mp3"},{"head":null,"cells":["l{a}den","l{u}d","geladen"],"tr":{"uk":"вантажити, заряджати","ru":"грузить, заряжать","en":"to load, to charge","pl":"ładować","fr":"charger"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/6de6e909204ec7f66f80c41c05efe70c.mp3"},{"head":null,"cells":["w{a}schen","w{u}sch","gewaschen"],"tr":{"uk":"мити","ru":"мыть","en":"to wash","pl":"myć, prać","fr":"laver"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/58a2b9746b92d5057c550dadd4e92b63.mp3"},{"head":null,"cells":["w{a}chsen","w{u}chs","gewachsen"],"tr":{"uk":"рости","ru":"расти","en":"to grow","pl":"rosnąć","fr":"pousser, grandir"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/04eb8f9fd0a9668dbd54fb279f56d0c3.mp3"},{"head":null,"cells":["b{a}cken","b{u}k","gebacken"],"tr":{"uk":"пекти","ru":"печь","en":"to bake","pl":"piec","fr":"cuire au four"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/234f72484d7c1b231fbeef91da7a5199.mp3"}]},{"type":"tip","tone":"tip","text":{"uk":"buk — книжна, застаріла форма. У сучасній мові частіше кажуть backte (Partizip II — gebacken).","ru":"buk — книжная, устаревшая форма. В современном языке чаще говорят backte (Partizip II — gebacken).","en":"buk is a bookish, old-fashioned form; today people usually say backte (Partizip II: gebacken).","pl":"buk to forma książkowa, przestarzała. We współczesnym języku częściej mówi się backte (Partizip II — gebacken).","fr":"buk est une forme littéraire et vieillie ; aujourd'hui, on dit plutôt backte (Partizip II : gebacken)."}}]},{"role":"learn","heading_de":"Beispiele","heading":{"uk":"У реченнях","ru":"В предложениях","en":"In sentences","pl":"W zdaniach","fr":"En contexte"},"blocks":[{"type":"examples","items":[{"de":"Tr{u}g sie die Bluse?","tr":{"uk":"Вона носила блузку?","ru":"Она носила блузку?","en":"Did she wear the blouse?","pl":"Nosiła tę bluzkę?","fr":"Elle portait le chemisier ?"},"image":"/images/ihr-im-urlaub-5c5107.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/5f2355a678e6ad7fad0055bc9dfa041c.mp3"},{"de":"Wer b{u}k frische Croissants?","tr":{"uk":"Хто пік свіжі круасани?","ru":"Кто пёк свежие круассаны?","en":"Who baked fresh croissants?","pl":"Kto piekł świeże croissanty?","fr":"Qui a fait des croissants frais ?"},"image":"/images/mein-hund-frass-ein-croissant-910b7a.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/e1dbe7e7b529da5301510083a11e9225.mp3"},{"de":"Wer f{u}hr mit dem Motorrad?","tr":{"uk":"Хто їхав на мотоциклі?","ru":"Кто ехал на мотоцикле?","en":"Who rode a motorcycle?","pl":"Kto jechał na motocyklu?","fr":"Qui a roulé en moto ?"},"image":"/images/der-junge-stellt-das-motorrad-d9df98.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/9a80390843ac99a5e18749d44da90ec5.mp3"},{"de":"Meine Großeltern w{u}schen die Beeren.","tr":{"uk":"Мої дідусь і бабуся мили ягоди.","ru":"Мои дедушка и бабушка мыли ягоды.","en":"My grandparents washed the berries.","pl":"Moi dziadkowie myli jagody.","fr":"Mes grands-parents ont lavé les baies."},"image":"/images/die-beeren-lecker-c12272.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/9851fcf16f4fc9ccb3ec47e683899c11.mp3"},{"de":"Die Bäume w{u}chsen schnell.","tr":{"uk":"Дерева швидко росли.","ru":"Деревья быстро росли.","en":"The trees grew quickly.","pl":"Drzewa szybko rosły.","fr":"Les arbres ont poussé rapidement."},"image":"/images/der-park-gefaellt-dem-touristen-155128.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/e935cf9a50b767866666d8fab5de27fb.mp3"},{"de":"L{u}den Sie die Kopfhörer?","tr":{"uk":"Ви заряджали навушники?","ru":"Вы заряжали наушники?","en":"Did you charge the headphones?","pl":"Czy ładował Pan / ładowała Pani słuchawki?","fr":"Vous avez chargé les écouteurs ?"},"image":"/images/sie-kopfhoerer-7930f1.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/003153ecb7f9338f0df9883f84c7dbc1.mp3"}]},{"type":"examples","items":[{"de":"B{u}ken Sie Brot?","tr":{"uk":"Ви пекли хліб?","ru":"Вы пекли хлеб?","en":"Did you bake bread?","pl":"Czy piekł Pan / piekła Pani chleb?","fr":"Vous faisiez du pain ?"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/84492f76764f23a84e7053267406f449.mp3"},{"de":"Wer w{u}sch die Jeans?","tr":{"uk":"Хто виправ джинси?","ru":"Кто постирал джинсы?","en":"Who washed the jeans?","pl":"Kto wyprał dżinsy?","fr":"Qui a lavé le jean ?"},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/ddb5bb9ea0c0da6071404fa081dd834a.mp3"}]},{"type":"tip","tone":"tip","text":{"uk":"Не забувайте: у Präteritum дієслово потрібно відмінювати відповідно до займенника — ich/er trug, du trug{st}, wir/sie/Sie trug{en}, ihr trug{t}.","ru":"Не забывайте: в Präteritum глагол нужно спрягать в соответствии с местоимением — ich/er trug, du trug{st}, wir/sie/Sie trug{en}, ihr trug{t}.","en":"Remember: in the Präteritum the verb must be conjugated to match the pronoun — ich/er trug, du trug{st}, wir/sie/Sie trug{en}, ihr trug{t}.","pl":"Pamiętaj: w Präteritum czasownik trzeba odmieniać zgodnie z zaimkiem — ich/er trug, du trug{st}, wir/sie/Sie trug{en}, ihr trug{t}.","fr":"N'oubliez pas : au Präteritum, le verbe se conjugue selon le pronom — ich/er trug, du trug{st}, wir/sie/Sie trug{en}, ihr trug{t}."}}]},{"role":"check","heading_de":null,"heading":null,"blocks":[{"type":"check","prompt":"Er ___ den Ball. (schlagen)","instruction":{"uk":"Оберіть форму Präteritum","ru":"Выберите форму Präteritum","en":"Choose the Präteritum form","pl":"Wybierz formę Präteritum","fr":"Choisissez la forme au Präteritum"},"options":["schlägt","schlug","schlagte"],"answer":1,"why":{"uk":"a → u: schlagen → schlug. schlägt — теперішній час, а суфікса -te- сильні дієслова не мають.","ru":"a → u: schlagen → schlug. schlägt — настоящее время, а суффикса -te- у сильных глаголов нет.","en":"a → u: schlagen → schlug. schlägt is the present tense, and strong verbs take no -te-.","pl":"a → u: schlagen → schlug. schlägt to czas teraźniejszy, a czasowniki mocne nie mają przyrostka -te-.","fr":"a → u : schlagen → schlug. schlägt, c'est le présent, et les verbes forts ne prennent pas -te-."},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/90ec360cf26d249bd04c7a63793bbb55.mp3"}]},{"role":"check","heading_de":null,"heading":null,"blocks":[{"type":"check","prompt":"___ Sie Brot? (backen)","instruction":{"uk":"Оберіть форму Präteritum","ru":"Выберите форму Präteritum","en":"Choose the Präteritum form","pl":"Wybierz formę Präteritum","fr":"Choisissez la forme au Präteritum"},"options":["Buk","Buken","Backen","Bukt"],"answer":1,"why":{"uk":"Для Sie — основа buk + -en: Buken Sie…? Backen — теперішній час, Bukt — для ihr.","ru":"Для Sie — основа buk + -en: Buken Sie…? Backen — настоящее время, Bukt — для ihr.","en":"For Sie: the stem buk + -en: Buken Sie…? Backen is the present tense, Bukt goes with ihr.","pl":"Dla Sie — temat buk + -en: Buken Sie…? Backen to czas teraźniejszy, Bukt — dla ihr.","fr":"Pour Sie : le radical buk + -en : Buken Sie…? Backen, c'est le présent, Bukt va avec ihr."},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/84492f76764f23a84e7053267406f449.mp3"}]}],"image_dims":{"/images/der-junge-stellt-das-motorrad-d9df98.webp":[642,642],"/images/der-park-gefaellt-dem-touristen-155128.webp":[817,817],"/images/die-beeren-lecker-c12272.webp":[770,770],"/images/er-fuhr-8c9f12.webp":[900,600],"/images/ihr-im-urlaub-5c5107.webp":[273,483],"/images/mein-hund-frass-ein-croissant-910b7a.webp":[325,386],"/images/sie-kopfhoerer-7930f1.webp":[900,900]},"exercise_groups":[{"exercises":[{"id":"praeteritum-au-b07-04-ex-6","wordwall_url":"https://wordwall.net/play/106020/733/167","kind":"flashcards","game_content":{"game_type":"flashcards","cards":[{"front":{"uk":"f<hl>a</hl>hren <sub>[їхати]</sub>","ru":"f<hl>a</hl>hren <sub>[ехать]</sub>","en":"f<hl>a</hl>hren <sub>[to drive]</sub>","pl":"f<hl>a</hl>hren <sub>[jechać]</sub>","fr":"f<hl>a</hl>hren 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