{"id":"modalverben-in-praeteritum-b09-02","title":{"uk":"Модальні дієслова в минулому часі — mochte, konnte, musste… (Präteritum)","ru":"Модальные глаголы в прошедшем времени — mochte, konnte, musste… (Präteritum)","en":"Modal verbs in the past — mochte, konnte, musste… (Präteritum)","pl":"Czasowniki modalne w czasie przeszłym — mochte, konnte, musste… (Präteritum)","fr":"Les verbes de modalité au passé — mochte, konnte, musste… (Präteritum)"},"ordinal":2,"content":[],"title_short":{"uk":"Модальні дієслова в Präteritum","ru":"Модальные глаголы в Präteritum","en":"Modal verbs in the simple past","pl":"Czasowniki modalne w Präteritum","fr":"Verbes de modalité au prétérit"},"title_de":"Modalverben im Präteritum","cards":[{"role":"learn","heading_de":"Modalverben im Präteritum","heading":{"uk":"Модальні дієслова в Präteritum","ru":"Модальные глаголы в Präteritum","en":"Modal verbs in the Präteritum","pl":"Czasowniki modalne w Präteritum","fr":"Les verbes de modalité au Präteritum"},"blocks":[{"type":"rule","text":{"uk":"Präteritum — форма минулого часу, яку вживають переважно на письмі. Але модальні дієслова в Präteritum звучать **і в усному, і в письмовому** мовленні.","ru":"Präteritum — форма прошедшего времени, которую используют в основном на письме. Но модальные глаголы в Präteritum звучат **и в устной, и в письменной** речи.","en":"The Präteritum is a past tense used mainly in writing. But modal verbs are used in the Präteritum **both in speech and in writing**.","pl":"Präteritum to forma czasu przeszłego, której używa się głównie w piśmie. Ale czasowniki modalne w Präteritum występują **zarówno w mowie, jak i w piśmie**.","fr":"Le Präteritum est un temps du passé employé surtout à l'écrit. Mais les verbes de modalité s'emploient au Präteritum **à l'oral comme à l'écrit**."}},{"type":"tip","tone":"tip","text":{"uk":"Закінчення — ті самі, що в слабких дієслів: -te, -test, -te, -ten, -tet, -ten.","ru":"Окончания — те же, что у слабых глаголов: -te, -test, -te, -ten, -tet, -ten.","en":"The endings are the same as for weak verbs: -te, -test, -te, -ten, -tet, -ten.","pl":"Końcówki są takie same jak w czasownikach słabych: -te, -test, -te, -ten, -tet, -ten.","fr":"Les terminaisons sont les mêmes que pour les verbes faibles : -te, -test, -te, -ten, -tet, -ten."}}]},{"role":"learn","heading_de":"mögen · können · müssen","heading":{"uk":"любити · могти · мусити","ru":"любить · мочь · быть должным","en":"to like · can · must","pl":"lubić · móc · musieć","fr":"aimer · pouvoir · devoir"},"blocks":[{"type":"table","caption":null,"columns":["","mögen","können","müssen"],"column_tones":[null,null,null,null],"rows":[{"head":"ich","cells":["moch{te}","konn{te}","muss{te}"],"tr":null,"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/4139ddf4ffcc3e94421f4ade55cb6939.mp3"},{"head":"du","cells":["moch{test}","konn{test}","muss{test}"],"tr":null,"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/bdfe10b413da46871f3d35eee5b59358.mp3"},{"head":"er/sie/es","cells":["moch{te}","konn{te}","muss{te}"],"tr":null,"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/8601db6b79709398e106ef01c6dbb0f3.mp3"},{"head":"wir","cells":["moch{ten}","konn{ten}","muss{ten}"],"tr":null,"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/93bfcc3208916641be2c7fc930f8c36d.mp3"},{"head":"ihr","cells":["moch{tet}","konn{tet}","muss{tet}"],"tr":null,"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/c3ea24f32b683312ec3958034f8165b6.mp3"},{"head":"sie/Sie","cells":["moch{ten}","konn{ten}","muss{ten}"],"tr":null,"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/89998eea547b93b6b1a15759b6fc95f0.mp3"}]},{"type":"tip","tone":"tip","text":{"uk":"У Präteritum умлауту немає: mögen → mochte, können → konnte, müssen → musste. А в mögen ще й g → ch.","ru":"В Präteritum умлаута нет: mögen → mochte, können → konnte, müssen → musste. А в mögen ещё и g → ch.","en":"The Präteritum has no umlaut: mögen → mochte, können → konnte, müssen → musste. In mögen, g also becomes ch.","pl":"W Präteritum nie ma umlautu: mögen → mochte, können → konnte, müssen → musste. A w mögen dodatkowo g → ch.","fr":"Au Präteritum, pas d'umlaut : mögen → mochte, können → konnte, müssen → musste. Dans mögen, le g devient en plus ch."}},{"type":"examples","items":[{"de":"Ich [mochte|v] den Sommer.","tr":{"uk":"Мені подобалося літо.","ru":"Мне нравилось лето.","en":"I liked summer.","pl":"Lubiłem lato.","fr":"J'aimais l'été."},"image":"/images/koennten-wir-gutes-wetter-geniessen-abbb77.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/f7effd6f54aee31587ea23b70981cff4.mp3"},{"de":"Der Junge [konnte|v] Schach [spielen|px].","tr":{"uk":"Хлопчик умів грати в шахи.","ru":"Мальчик умел играть в шахматы.","en":"The boy could play chess.","pl":"Chłopiec umiał grać w szachy.","fr":"Le garçon savait jouer aux échecs."},"image":"/images/our-parents-like-to-play-chess-2d95aa.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/89d3da3eb712641337b63a2b3aabe566.mp3"},{"de":"Mein Opa [musste|v] [arbeiten|px].","tr":{"uk":"Мій дідусь мусив працювати.","ru":"Мой дедушка должен был работать.","en":"My grandpa had to work.","pl":"Mój dziadek musiał pracować.","fr":"Mon grand-père devait travailler."},"image":"/images/mein-opa-muss-arbeiten-673b71.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/704a42ab8f413419b1870bf247e7061e.mp3"}]}]},{"role":"learn","heading_de":"dürfen · wollen · sollen","heading":{"uk":"мати дозвіл · хотіти · бути повинним","ru":"иметь разрешение · хотеть · быть обязанным","en":"to be allowed to · to want · to be supposed to","pl":"mieć pozwolenie · chcieć · mieć (coś zrobić)","fr":"avoir le droit de · vouloir · être censé"},"blocks":[{"type":"table","caption":null,"columns":["","dürfen","wollen","sollen"],"column_tones":[null,null,null,null],"rows":[{"head":"ich","cells":["durf{te}","woll{te}","soll{te}"],"tr":null,"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/1c8e127d59fe5f123fa8af053f81e510.mp3"},{"head":"du","cells":["durf{test}","woll{test}","soll{test}"],"tr":null,"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/18701b9b0a03170a40fa0fca3a0066da.mp3"},{"head":"er/sie/es","cells":["durf{te}","woll{te}","soll{te}"],"tr":null,"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/0f9f7d479a48ae7cd04b9f9c1e70dac7.mp3"},{"head":"wir","cells":["durf{ten}","woll{ten}","soll{ten}"],"tr":null,"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/d9616a63ed9387a09caa86eb9d0623be.mp3"},{"head":"ihr","cells":["durf{tet}","woll{tet}","soll{tet}"],"tr":null,"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/6c84b7fa98c76254906c054d5237edbf.mp3"},{"head":"sie/Sie","cells":["durf{ten}","woll{ten}","soll{ten}"],"tr":null,"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/da5babcf561e299318c7d17b97c20203.mp3"}]},{"type":"tip","tone":"tip","text":{"uk":"dürfen теж утрачає умлаут: durfte. У wollen і sollen основа не змінюється: wollte, sollte.","ru":"dürfen тоже теряет умлаут: durfte. У wollen и sollen основа не меняется: wollte, sollte.","en":"dürfen loses its umlaut too: durfte. wollen and sollen keep their stem: wollte, sollte.","pl":"dürfen też traci umlaut: durfte. W wollen i sollen temat się nie zmienia: wollte, sollte.","fr":"dürfen perd lui aussi son umlaut : durfte. wollen et sollen gardent leur radical : wollte, sollte."}},{"type":"examples","items":[{"de":"Das Kind [durfte|v] einen Donut [essen|px].","tr":{"uk":"Дитині дозволили з'їсти пончик.","ru":"Ребёнку разрешили съесть пончик.","en":"The child was allowed to eat a donut.","pl":"Dziecku pozwolono zjeść pączka.","fr":"L'enfant avait le droit de manger un beignet."},"image":"/images/mein-sohn-will-einen-donut-kaufen-7d37b9.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/2b2f9c10f3164d90883480801464a381.mp3"},{"de":"Er [wollte|v] einen Mixer [kaufen|px].","tr":{"uk":"Він хотів купити міксер.","ru":"Он хотел купить миксер.","en":"He wanted to buy a mixer.","pl":"On chciał kupić mikser.","fr":"Il voulait acheter un mixeur."},"image":"/images/er-will-einen-mixer-kaufen-3bc192.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/d49592ac6483311c103694c092bf7562.mp3"},{"de":"[Sollte|v] er eine Party [machen|px]?","tr":{"uk":"Він мав влаштувати вечірку?","ru":"Он должен был устроить вечеринку?","en":"Was he supposed to throw a party?","pl":"Czy on miał urządzić imprezę?","fr":"Était-il censé organiser une fête ?"},"image":"/images/soll-er-eine-party-machen-82684a.webp","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/d17871f3846d0cfbb5dfb83413bc569a.mp3"}]}]},{"role":"check","heading_de":null,"heading":null,"blocks":[{"type":"check","prompt":"Wir ___ früher gehen. (dürfen)","instruction":{"uk":"Оберіть форму Präteritum","ru":"Выберите форму Präteritum","en":"Choose the Präteritum form","pl":"Wybierz formę Präteritum","fr":"Choisissez la forme au Präteritum"},"options":["durften","dürften","durftet"],"answer":0,"why":{"uk":"У Präteritum умлауту немає, а з wir — закінчення -ten: wir durften. durftet — для ihr.","ru":"В Präteritum умлаута нет, а с wir — окончание -ten: wir durften. durftet — для ihr.","en":"The Präteritum has no umlaut, and wir takes -ten: wir durften. durftet goes with ihr.","pl":"W Präteritum nie ma umlautu, a z wir — końcówka -ten: wir durften. durftet — dla ihr.","fr":"Au Präteritum, pas d'umlaut, et wir prend -ten : wir durften. durftet va avec ihr."},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/1cadf249e0f18e6a8f16046a7005f290.mp3"}]},{"role":"check","heading_de":null,"heading":null,"blocks":[{"type":"check","prompt":"Ihr ___ das Problem lösen. (wollen)","instruction":{"uk":"Оберіть форму Präteritum","ru":"Выберите форму Präteritum","en":"Choose the Präteritum form","pl":"Wybierz formę Präteritum","fr":"Choisissez la forme au Präteritum"},"options":["wolltest","wolltet","wollten"],"answer":1,"why":{"uk":"З ihr — закінчення -tet: ihr wolltet. wolltest — для du, wollten — для wir і sie/Sie.","ru":"С ihr — окончание -tet: ihr wolltet. wolltest — для du, wollten — для wir и sie/Sie.","en":"With ihr the ending is -tet: ihr wolltet. wolltest goes with du, wollten with wir and sie/Sie.","pl":"Z ihr — końcówka -tet: ihr wolltet. wolltest — dla du, wollten — dla wir i sie/Sie.","fr":"Avec ihr, la terminaison est -tet : ihr wolltet. wolltest va avec du, wollten avec wir et sie/Sie."},"sound":"/tts/openai-marin/1e931984d8d8bc393b6993b51aefc1e8.mp3"}]}],"image_dims":{"/images/er-will-einen-mixer-kaufen-3bc192.webp":[900,900],"/images/koennten-wir-gutes-wetter-geniessen-abbb77.webp":[900,900],"/images/mein-opa-muss-arbeiten-673b71.webp":[485,485],"/images/mein-sohn-will-einen-donut-kaufen-7d37b9.webp":[497,497],"/images/our-parents-like-to-play-chess-2d95aa.webp":[790,790],"/images/soll-er-eine-party-machen-82684a.webp":[798,798]},"exercise_groups":[{"exercises":[{"id":"modalverben-in-praeteritum-b09-02-ex-1","wordwall_url":"https://wordwall.net/play/102169/057/430","kind":"type_answer","game_content":{"game_type":"type_answer","items":[{"prompt":{"uk":"я любив / я любила","ru":"я любил / я любила","en":"I liked","pl":"ja lubiłem / ja lubiłam","fr":"j'ai aimé"},"answer":"ich mochte","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/9f8710baf58a1a86ddf2a9d43f70a56b.mp3","sound_after":true},{"prompt":{"uk":"ти любив / ти любила","ru":"ты любил / ты любила","en":"you liked","pl":"ty lubiłeś / ty lubiłaś","fr":"tu aimais"},"answer":"du mochtest","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/fd95cf5815059892c4b0d8598effddc3.mp3","sound_after":true},{"prompt":{"uk":"він любив / вона любила / воно любило","ru":"он любил / она любила / оно любило","en":"he liked / she liked / it liked","pl":"on lubił / ona lubiła / ono lubiło","fr":"il aimait / elle aimait"},"answer":"er/sie/es mochte","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/0dccb4b2753c1cf730864fbf223b95e5.mp3","accept_alternatives":["er sie es mochte"]},{"prompt":{"uk":"ми любили","ru":"мы любили","en":"we liked","pl":"lubiliśmy","fr":"nous avons aimé"},"answer":"wir mochten","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/e3f5e66a6dcbe57837f1f7b4797b01e2.mp3","sound_after":true},{"prompt":{"uk":"ви любили","ru":"вы любили","en":"you (plural) liked","pl":"wy lubiliście","fr":"vous (pluriel) avez aimé"},"answer":"ihr mochtet","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/bddf629b585490cd904b7ed832cb6e1c.mp3","sound_after":true},{"prompt":{"uk":"вони любили / Ви любили","ru":"они любили / Вы любили","en":"they liked / you (formal) liked","pl":"oni lubili / Pan/Pani lubił/a","fr":"ils/elles aimaient bien / vous (formel) aimiez bien"},"answer":"sie/Sie mochten","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/109c8ca538688022bd5f8e92d3d2218c.mp3","accept_alternatives":["sie Sie mochten"]}]},"tier":"core","topic":"mögen","title":"mögen [Präteritum]"},{"id":"modalverben-in-praeteritum-b09-02-ex-2","wordwall_url":"https://wordwall.net/play/102169/086/504","kind":"type_answer","game_content":{"game_type":"type_answer","items":[{"prompt":{"uk":"я міг / я могла","ru":"я мог / я могла","en":"I could (past tense)","pl":"ja mogłem / ja mogłam","fr":"Je pouvais (au passé)"},"answer":"ich konnte","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/d7fe600fffe6468b775811db38a93aa7.mp3","sound_after":true},{"prompt":{"uk":"ти міг / ти могла","ru":"ты мог / ты могла","en":"you could","pl":"ty mogłeś / ty mogłaś","fr":"tu pouvais"},"answer":"du 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konnten","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/d438a70dbf8a613698fe2cd998e148c9.mp3","accept_alternatives":["sie Sie konnten"]}]},"tier":"extra","topic":"können","title":"können [Präteritum]"},{"id":"modalverben-in-praeteritum-b09-02-ex-3","wordwall_url":"https://wordwall.net/play/102169/177/858","kind":"type_answer","game_content":{"game_type":"type_answer","items":[{"prompt":{"uk":"я мусив / я мусила","ru":"я был вынужден / я была вынуждена","en":"I had to","pl":"ja musiałem / ja musiałam","fr":"j'ai dû"},"answer":"ich musste","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/7342f1d34ad8a6d990337e641cc3bcdd.mp3","sound_after":true},{"prompt":{"uk":"ти мусив / ти мусила","ru":"ты был вынужден / ты была вынуждена","en":"you had to","pl":"ty musiałeś / ty musiałaś","fr":"tu devais"},"answer":"du musstest","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/988f89548918ee69d1a5b63341bc2278.mp3","sound_after":true},{"prompt":{"uk":"він мусив / вона мусила / воно мусило","ru":"он был вынужден / она была вынуждена / оно было вынуждено","en":"he 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mussten"]}]},"tier":"core","topic":"müssen","title":"müssen [Präteritum]"},{"id":"modalverben-in-praeteritum-b09-02-ex-4","wordwall_url":"https://wordwall.net/play/102169/311/203","kind":"type_answer","game_content":{"game_type":"type_answer","items":[{"prompt":{"uk":"я мав дозвіл / я мала дозвіл","ru":"я имел разрешение / я имела разрешение","en":"I was allowed to","pl":"ja miałem pozwolenie / ja miałam pozwolenie","fr":"J'avais le droit de"},"answer":"ich durfte","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/457fd5c1264bd44c15a84fb808348f82.mp3","sound_after":true},{"prompt":{"uk":"ти мав дозвіл / ти мала дозвіл","ru":"ты имел разрешение / ты имела разрешение","en":"you were allowed to","pl":"ty miałeś pozwolenie / ty miałaś pozwolenie","fr":"tu avais le droit de"},"answer":"du durftest","sound":"/tts/openai-marin/e6db428179ad5de7666c393ddb31c69f.mp3","sound_after":true},{"prompt":{"uk":"він мав дозвіл / вона мала дозвіл / воно мало дозвіл","ru":"ему было разрешено / ей было разрешено / ему было 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